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World Pneumonia Day

Miscellaneous


 12-Nov-2024
  • It is observed on 12th November annually.
  • Established: 2009 by the Global Coalition against Child Pneumonia.
  • Aim: To raise awareness of pneumonia.
  • It also emphasizes the urgent need for action against this preventable disease, advocating for vaccination, proper nutrition, and clean air initiatives to reduce its prevalence.
  • Theme 2024:"Every Breath Counts: Stop Pneumonia in Its Track."

World Pneumonia Day: 12th November

About Pneumonia

  • It is an infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs, causing them to fill with fluid or pus.
  • Causes:
    • Bacterial: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause.
    • Viral: Viruses like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) often lead to viral pneumonia.
    • Fungal: Common in individuals with weakened immune systems.
    • Aspiration: Caused by inhaling food, liquids, or vomit into the lungs.
  • Symptoms:
    • Chest pain, especially with breathing or coughing.
    • Persistent cough, often with phlegm.
    • Fever, chills, and sweating.
    • Shortness of breath and fatigue.
    • Loss of appetite and confusion (more common in older adults).
  • Risk Factors:
    • Age: Young children and older adults are at higher risk.
    • Immune Status: Weakened immune systems due to diseases or medications.
    • Lifestyle: Smoking and excessive alcohol use.
    • Chronic Diseases: Conditions like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease.
  • Diagnosis:
    • Physical exam (listening for abnormal lung sounds).
    • Chest X-rays or CT scans to detect lung inflammation.
    • Blood tests to check for infections.
    • Sputum tests to identify the specific cause.
  • Treatment:
    • Antibiotics: For bacterial pneumonia.
    • Antiviral medications: For viral pneumonia.
    • Antifungal treatments: For fungal pneumonia.
    • Supportive care: Rest, fluids, and oxygen therapy for severe cases.
  • Prevention:
    • Vaccines: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccines can prevent some types of pneumonia.
    • Hand hygiene: Regular handwashing to reduce the spread of germs.
    • Healthy lifestyle: Avoid smoking, ensure a nutritious diet, and maintain a healthy immune system.
  • Complications:
    • Bacteremia (bacterial infection in the blood).
    • Lung abscess (pus-filled cavity in the lung).
    • Pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs).
    • Respiratory failure in severe cases.
  • Prognosis:
    • With timely treatment, most people recover well, but severe cases, especially among vulnerable groups, can lead to hospitalization or become life-threatening.