Why in the  News? 

On January 23, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar, and other leaders paid tribute to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose on his birth anniversary, observed as Parakram Diwas. 

Who Was Subhash Chandra Bose? 

• A charismatic freedom fighter and nationalist leader, Subhash Chandra Bose played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. 
• Popularly known as Netaji, he was twice elected as the President of the Indian National Congress (1938, 1939). 
• He later founded the All India Forward Bloc after differences with Congress over his more radical approach to achieving immediate independence. 

 Why is Subhash Chandra Bose Revered? 

• Political Leadership: Bose actively engaged in the freedom struggle during the 1920s-1930s, calling for complete independence, unlike the phased approach of the Congress. 
• Formation of Azad Hind Fauj: 
  • In 1943, he reorganized and led the Indian National Army (INA), comprising prisoners of war and expatriates in Southeast Asia, to fight the British. 
  • He also formed the Azad Hind Government in exile, with support from Japan. 
• Mass and Women Mobilisation: 
  • Bose mobilized Indians across classes and regions, emphasizing total participation in the freedom movement. 
  • He formed the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, an all-women combat force, reflecting his belief in gender equality. 
• Youth Leadership: Bose inspired Indian youth, emphasizing their role in securing the nation’s freedom. 
• Work with Foreign Nations: sought support from Germany and Japan during World War II to overthrow British rule in India.