27-Jan-2025

Republic Day

Miscellaneous

Republic Day: Significance and India’s Journey to Becoming a Republic 

 

Republic Day Parade at Kartavya Path, formerly RajPath. 

Why is Republic Day Celebrated? 

  • Republic Day (26th January) marks the day when the Constitution of India came into force in 1950, transforming India into a Sovereign Democratic Republic. 
  • This date was chosen to honor the declaration of Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) on January 26, 1930, during the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress. 

The Term "Republic" 

  • Derived from Latin “Res Publica” meaning “public affair.” 
  • The concept has roots in the Roman Republic, with early democratic governance seen in India’s Mahajanapadas like Kamboja, Kuru, and Malla. 

 

Flag Unfurling vs. Hoisting 

  • Republic Day 
    • The President of India unfurls the flag (rolled at the top of the pole). 
    • Symbolizes the renewal of commitment to constitutional principles. 
  • Independence Day 
    • The Prime Minister hoists the flag (raised from the bottom). 
    • Represents freedom from colonial rule and the birth of a new nation. 

Significance of Republic Day 

  • True Independence: On January 26, 1950, India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic with its Constitution. 
  • Unity in Diversity: Represents India’s desire to be governed by a single Constitution. 
  • Core Values: Reflects sovereignty, democracy, and republican principles. 
    • Sovereign: India is independent in its affairs. 
    • Democratic: Supreme power rests with the people. 
    • Republic: The President is an elected head of state. 

 Key Constitution Milestones 

  • 26th November 1949: The Constitution was adopted on this day and provisions like citizenship, elections, provisional parliament, and transitional articles came into effect. 
  • 26th January 1950: The Constitution came fully into force, marking India’s journey as a Sovereign Democratic Republic. 

 

Key Facts About the Constitution of India 

 The Constitution of India 

  •  Adoption: Adopted on 26th November 1949, came into effect on 26th January 1950. 
  • Length: Longest written constitution with 395 Articles, 22 Parts, and 8 Schedules (originally). 
  • Drafting Committee: Chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. 
  • Language: Written in English and Hindi. 
  • Handwriting: Original copies were handwritten by Prem Behari Narain Raizada in calligraphy. 
  • Artworks: Contains illustrations by Nandalal Bose and his team from Shantiniketan. 
  • Preamble: Declares India as Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.