What is Demographic Transition? 

Demographic transition is a model that explains changes in birth and death rates, along with shifts in population age structure, as societies progress economically and technologically. 

Stages 

• Stage 1: High birth and death rates result in a stable population. 
• Stage 2: Death rates decline due to improved healthcare, sanitation and food production, while birth rates remain high, causing rapid population growth. 
• Stage 3: Birth rates decrease, slowing population growth due to factors like urbanization, better child mortality rates and access to contraception. 
• Stage 4: Both birth and death rates are low, leading to a stable or aging population, reflecting advanced living standards and technology. 

Stages of Demographic Transition