Why in the News?

A global study published in The Lancet Neurology revealed that air pollution is a significant risk factor for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), a type of brain stroke caused by ruptured blood vessels. In 2021, about 14% of deaths and disabilities from SAH were linked to particulate matter air pollution, comparable to the risk posed by smoking.

Air Pollution

• It refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air that can pose risks to human health, ecosystems, and the climate.
• Sources: Vehicles, industrial emissions, power plants, agricultural activities and natural events like wildfires, volcanic eruptions and dust storms.
• Air Pollutants
  • Particulate Matter (PM): Fine particles (PM2.5, PM10) suspended in the air, coming from combustion, dust, and industrial emissions. PM2.5 is particularly harmful as it can penetrate deep into the lungs.
  • Nitrogen Oxides (NO_x): Gases produced from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, contributing to smog and respiratory problems.
  • Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): Emitted from burning fossil fuels, especially coal, it contributes to acid rain and respiratory issues.
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, it reduces oxygen delivery to the body’s organs.
  • Ozone (O₃): At ground level, it forms from chemical reactions between NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sunlight, leading to respiratory problems.
  • Lead: Previously found in gasoline and industrial emissions, it affects the nervous system and other body functions.