Current Affairs

INDIAN NAVY SHIP (INS) ARIGHAT (S3)

Why in the News?

India's second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, INS Arighat was commissioned into the Navy at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The submarine is an upgraded version of INS Arihant represents. INS Arighat is armed with K-15 ballistic missiles which have a range of 750 kilometers, adding strength to the Indian Navy's arsenal.

About INS Arihant (S2)

• It was commissioned in 2016.
• It is India’s first ballistic missile nuclear submarine (SSMN), launched at Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM).
• It has capability to launch nuclear weapons from submarines has importance in the context of achieving a nuclear triad, especially in the light of the ‘no first use’ policy of India.
• It is presently armed with K-15 SLBM with a range of 750 km.

About Indian Navy

• It was officially established on 26th January 1950, though its origins date back to the colonial era as part of the Royal Indian Navy.
• Navy Day in India is annually celebrated on 4^th December.
• Its mission is to safeguard the nation's maritime borders, promote peace and stability in the Indian Ocean region and provide humanitarian assistance during disasters.
• It is headed by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS). Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi is the current CNS.
• It is divided into three commands: Western Naval Command (Mumbai), Eastern Naval Command (Visakhapatnam) and Southern Naval Command (Kochi).
• The Western and the Eastern Naval Commands are ‘Operational Commands’ and exercise control over operations in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal respectively. The Southern Command is the Training Command.
• Fleets: Western Fleet in Mumbai and the Eastern Fleet in Visakhapatnam.

Logo of Indian Navy

MUSLIM MARRIAGE BILL

Why in the News?

The Assam Legislative Assembly passed the Assam Compulsory Registration of Muslim Marriages and Divorces Bill, 2024. The bill aims to prevent child marriages, ensure marriages occur with the consent of both parties and check polygamy. The Assembly also repealed an 89-year-old Act that previously governed the registration of Muslim marriages and divorces in the state. This repeal confirmed an Ordinance that was promulgated five months ago.

About Muslim Personal Law on Marriage

• According to Sharia or the Muslim personal law, men are allowed to practice polygamy.
• 'Nikah halala' is a process in which a Muslim woman has to marry another person and get divorced from him before being allowed to marry her divorcee husband again.
• A Muslim man can divorce his wife by uttering Talaq once for three months. This practice is called Talaq-e-Hasan.
• "Triple talaq" allows a husband to divorce his wife by repeating the word "talaq" (divorce) three times in any form, including email or text message.
• In Islam, talaq and khula are two terms for divorce for men and women respectively. A man can part ways through 'talaq' while a woman can separate with her husband through 'Khula'.

About Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937

• It is a personal law which is applicable only to ‘Muslims’.
• In the Indian judicial context, courts apply Muslim law specifically to individuals identifying as Mohammedans in certain specified cases.
• It encompasses a set of legal principles and regulations and covers matters related to marriage, divorce, succession, inheritance etc.
• Primary Sources
  • Quran
  • Sunna (Traditions or Ahadis)
    • Sunnat-ul-Qual (Words spoken by Prophet)
    • Sunnat-ul-Fail (Conduct of Prophet)
    • Sunnat-ul-Tahrir (Silence by Prophet)
  • Ijma (Consensus)
  • Qiyas (Analogical deductions)
• Secondary Sources
  • Legislation
  • Judicial decisions – (Precedent)
  • Customs

SHE-BOX PORTAL

Why in the News?

The Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the SHe-Box portal. It a centralised platform designed to make workplaces safer for women by addressing and managing complaints of sexual harassment. The portal will allow women to file complaints, track their status, and ensure that the grievances are processed in a timely manner. It also features a designated nodal officer to enable real-time monitoring of complaints, thereby providing a streamlined and assured redressal process

About Ministry of Women and Child Development

• It came into existence as a separate Ministry from 30th January 2006, earlier since 1985 it was a Department under the Ministry of Human Resources Development.
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• It aims to address various issues related to the welfare, protection, and development of women and children through policies, programmes and initiatives.
• The Ministry has 4 associated organizations.
  • National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD)
  • National Commission for women (NCW)
  • National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)
  • Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA)

ABDUL GHAFOOR MAJEED NOORANI (A. G. NOORANI)

Why in the News?

Renowned lawyer, constitutional expert and prolific author A.G. Noorani has died at the age of 93.

A. G. NOORANI

About

• He began his career as a lawyer in the Bombay High Court in 1953 and became the first Indian to practice as a barrister during British rule.
• Though he practiced law, Noorani devoted much of his time to writing on legal, political and historical topics.
• He authored the biographies of former President Dr Zakir Husain and Badruddin Tyabji.
• Notable Works
  • The Kashmir Question (1964)
  • Ministers’ Misconduct (1973)
  • Constitutional Questions and Citizens’ Rights (2006)
  • The RSS: A Menace to India (2019)

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE VICTIMS OF ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES

• It is annually observed on 30th August.
• The day highlighted issues such as arrest, detention and abduction that contribute to enforced disappearances.
• It also raised concerns about the increasing harassment, ill-treatment, and intimidation of witnesses to disappearances and relatives of the disappeared persons.

Note: Enforced disappearances involve the arrest or abduction of a person by or on behalf of the state, followed by a refusal by the same authorities to acknowledge it.

General Knowledge

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